{
 "title": "Home system lifespan figures",
 "version": "1.2.0",
 "generated_at": "2026-10-29",
 "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
 "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
 "attribution": "Source: InstaBids",
 "page": "https://instabids.ai/us/data",
 "notes": [
  "value (and value_high, for a range) is the figure as the source states it; the quote column holds the source's own words that carry it, each an exact match (whitespace aside) of the archived copy in capture_id.",
  "Left out: figures InstaBids computed itself from survey microdata, figures from third-party tables that cannot be shared under this licence, and figures from a withdrawn federal rule.",
  "CC BY 4.0 covers the InstaBids compilation (the selection and structure of these tables). Statute text and U.S. government figures are public domain on their own."
 ],
 "source_files": [
  "data/lifespan/clearances.json",
  "data/lifespan/captures.json",
  "data/lifespan/facts"
 ],
 "row_count": 92,
 "columns": [
  {
   "name": "item",
   "description": "The home system"
  },
  {
   "name": "fact_id",
   "description": "InstaBids record id"
  },
  {
   "name": "stat",
   "description": "What the figure is"
  },
  {
   "name": "value",
   "description": "The figure as stated by the source"
  },
  {
   "name": "value_high",
   "description": "Upper end, when the source states a range (blank otherwise)"
  },
  {
   "name": "unit",
   "description": "Unit of the figure"
  },
  {
   "name": "data_years",
   "description": "Years of the data behind the figure (or the source's issue label)"
  },
  {
   "name": "geography",
   "description": "Area the figure covers"
  },
  {
   "name": "n",
   "description": "Sample size, when the source publishes one"
  },
  {
   "name": "n_note",
   "description": "Note when no sample size is published"
  },
  {
   "name": "row_label",
   "description": "The source table's own row label"
  },
  {
   "name": "column",
   "description": "The source table's own column"
  },
  {
   "name": "source",
   "description": "Full source name"
  },
  {
   "name": "source_url",
   "description": "Source link"
  },
  {
   "name": "source_licence",
   "description": "Licence of the source figure"
  },
  {
   "name": "quote",
   "description": "The source's own words carrying the figure"
  },
  {
   "name": "read_date",
   "description": "Day the source was read"
  },
  {
   "name": "capture_id",
   "description": "Archived copy the quote was matched against"
  },
  {
   "name": "page_url",
   "description": "The InstaBids lifespan guide that cites it"
  }
 ],
 "rows": [
  {
   "item": "ac",
   "fact_id": "doe-2017-central-ac-life-us",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 21.2,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Central Air Conditioners",
   "column": "National",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), section IV.F 'Product Lifetime', Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Table IV-16--Average Lifetime by Region",
    "Product class group National North Hot-humid Hot-dry",
    "Central Air Conditioners........................ 21.2 24.1 18.0 24.9",
    "to historical shipments from 1983 to 2009, which were the most recent"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/ac/ac-doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/ac"
  },
  {
   "item": "ac",
   "fact_id": "doe-2017-central-ac-life-hot-humid",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 18,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "hot-humid climate region",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Central Air Conditioners",
   "column": "Hot-humid",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), section IV.F 'Product Lifetime', Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Table IV-16--Average Lifetime by Region",
    "Product class group National North Hot-humid Hot-dry",
    "Central Air Conditioners........................ 21.2 24.1 18.0 24.9",
    "to historical shipments from 1983 to 2009, which were the most recent"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/ac/ac-doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/ac"
  },
  {
   "item": "ac",
   "fact_id": "doe-2017-central-ac-life-north",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 24.1,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "North climate region",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Central Air Conditioners",
   "column": "North",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), section IV.F 'Product Lifetime', Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Table IV-16--Average Lifetime by Region",
    "Product class group National North Hot-humid Hot-dry",
    "Central Air Conditioners........................ 21.2 24.1 18.0 24.9",
    "to historical shipments from 1983 to 2009, which were the most recent"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/ac/ac-doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/ac"
  },
  {
   "item": "ac",
   "fact_id": "doe-2017-central-ac-life-hot-dry",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 24.9,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "hot-dry climate region",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Central Air Conditioners",
   "column": "Hot-dry",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), section IV.F 'Product Lifetime', Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Table IV-16--Average Lifetime by Region",
    "Product class group National North Hot-humid Hot-dry",
    "Central Air Conditioners........................ 21.2 24.1 18.0 24.9",
    "to historical shipments from 1983 to 2009, which were the most recent"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/ac/ac-doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/ac"
  },
  {
   "item": "ac",
   "fact_id": "ac-doe-2017-cac-table-heat-pump-us",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 15.3,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Heat Pumps",
   "column": "National",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), section IV.F 'Product Lifetime', Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Table IV-16--Average Lifetime by Region",
    "Product class group National North Hot-humid Hot-dry",
    "Heat Pumps...................................... 15.3 16.4 15.1 15.4",
    "to historical shipments from 1983 to 2009, which were the most recent"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/ac/ac-doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/ac"
  },
  {
   "item": "ac",
   "fact_id": "ac-doe-2023-room-ac-life-about-9y",
   "stat": "average lifetime (DOE: 'approximately')",
   "value": 9,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2023 rule, data years not published",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Room Air Conditioners, final rule, 88 FR 34298 (May 26, 2023), lifetime discussion",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-05-26/html/2023-10287.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "This analysis yielded a lifetime probability distribution with an average lifetime for room air conditioners of approximately 9 years.",
    "The data allowed DOE to estimate a survival function, which provides an average appliance lifetime.",
    "using a combination of historical shipments data, the stock of the considered appliances in the American Housing Survey, and responses in RECS on the age of the appliances in the homes."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/ac/ac-doe-room-ac-2023-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/ac"
  },
  {
   "item": "ac",
   "fact_id": "ac-doe-2020-portable-ac-life-10-5y",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 10.5,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2020 rule, data years not published",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Portable Air Conditioners, final rule, 85 FR 1378 (January 10, 2020), section IV.F.6 'Product Lifetime'",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-01-10/html/2019-26350.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "The average lifetime is 10.5 years.",
    "Given similar mechanical components and uses, DOE considered that the lifetime distribution of portable ACs is the same as that of room ACs, as estimated for the 2011 direct final rule."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/ac/ac-doe-portable-ac-2020-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/ac"
  },
  {
   "item": "boiler",
   "fact_id": "doe-2016-boiler-life-gas-hot-water",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 26.5,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2016 rule, data 1974-2013 plus an undated AHRI contractor survey",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "hot water gas-fired boilers",
   "column": "national (the rule gives no regional split)",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Boilers, final rule, 81 FR 2320 (January 15, 2016), “Product Lifetime”, p. 2364",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-01-15/html/2016-00025.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "For the final rule, DOE updated its estimate of boiler lifetime by",
    "adding 2013 AHS data. In addition, DOE used the AHRI contractor survey",
    "distribution function, which results in an average lifetimes of 26.5",
    "for hot water gas-fired boilers, 23.6 for steam gas-fired boilers, 24.7",
    "for hot water oil-fired boilers, and 19.2 for steam oil-fired boilers.",
    "Statistics Division, American Housing Survey, Multiple Years (1974,"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/doe-boilers-2016-lifetime.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/boiler"
  },
  {
   "item": "boiler",
   "fact_id": "doe-2016-boiler-life-gas-steam",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 23.6,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2016 rule, data 1974-2013 plus an undated AHRI contractor survey",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "steam gas-fired boilers",
   "column": "national (the rule gives no regional split)",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Boilers, final rule, 81 FR 2320 (January 15, 2016), “Product Lifetime”, p. 2364",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-01-15/html/2016-00025.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "For the final rule, DOE updated its estimate of boiler lifetime by",
    "adding 2013 AHS data. In addition, DOE used the AHRI contractor survey",
    "distribution function, which results in an average lifetimes of 26.5",
    "for hot water gas-fired boilers, 23.6 for steam gas-fired boilers, 24.7",
    "for hot water oil-fired boilers, and 19.2 for steam oil-fired boilers.",
    "Statistics Division, American Housing Survey, Multiple Years (1974,"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/doe-boilers-2016-lifetime.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/boiler"
  },
  {
   "item": "boiler",
   "fact_id": "doe-2016-boiler-life-oil-hot-water",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 24.7,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2016 rule, data 1974-2013 plus an undated AHRI contractor survey",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "hot water oil-fired boilers",
   "column": "national (the rule gives no regional split)",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Boilers, final rule, 81 FR 2320 (January 15, 2016), “Product Lifetime”, p. 2364",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-01-15/html/2016-00025.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "For the final rule, DOE updated its estimate of boiler lifetime by",
    "adding 2013 AHS data. In addition, DOE used the AHRI contractor survey",
    "distribution function, which results in an average lifetimes of 26.5",
    "for hot water gas-fired boilers, 23.6 for steam gas-fired boilers, 24.7",
    "for hot water oil-fired boilers, and 19.2 for steam oil-fired boilers.",
    "Statistics Division, American Housing Survey, Multiple Years (1974,"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/doe-boilers-2016-lifetime.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/boiler"
  },
  {
   "item": "boiler",
   "fact_id": "doe-2016-boiler-life-oil-steam",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 19.2,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2016 rule, data 1974-2013 plus an undated AHRI contractor survey",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "steam oil-fired boilers",
   "column": "national (the rule gives no regional split)",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Boilers, final rule, 81 FR 2320 (January 15, 2016), “Product Lifetime”, p. 2364",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-01-15/html/2016-00025.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "For the final rule, DOE updated its estimate of boiler lifetime by",
    "adding 2013 AHS data. In addition, DOE used the AHRI contractor survey",
    "distribution function, which results in an average lifetimes of 26.5",
    "for hot water gas-fired boilers, 23.6 for steam gas-fired boilers, 24.7",
    "for hot water oil-fired boilers, and 19.2 for steam oil-fired boilers.",
    "Statistics Division, American Housing Survey, Multiple Years (1974,"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/doe-boilers-2016-lifetime.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/boiler"
  },
  {
   "item": "ceiling-fan",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-ceiling-fans-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 10,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Ceiling fans",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "3.7.2.4 Specialties Need Item",
    "3.7.2.4.7 Ceiling fans 10 15"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-controls-interiors.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/ceiling-fan"
  },
  {
   "item": "ceiling-fan",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-ceiling-fans-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 15,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Ceiling fans",
   "column": "Elderly",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "3.7.2.4 Specialties Need Item",
    "3.7.2.4.7 Ceiling fans 10 15"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-controls-interiors.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/ceiling-fan"
  },
  {
   "item": "ceiling-fan",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-ceiling-fans-common",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 15,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Ceiling fans - Common",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Interiors-Common Areas Need Category",
    "Ceiling fans - Common 15 15"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-controls-interiors.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/ceiling-fan"
  },
  {
   "item": "ceiling-fan",
   "fact_id": "doe-2017-ceiling-fan-average-lifetime",
   "stat": "average lifetime (DOE estimate)",
   "value": 13.8,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1991-2013",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Standards for Ceiling Fans, final rule, 82 FR 6826 (January 19, 2017)",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-19/html/2017-00474.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "average lifetime of ceiling fans, which is estimated to be 13.8 years for all product classes",
    "DOE estimated ceiling fan lifetimes by fitting a survival probability function to data of historical shipments and the 2012 age distributions of installed stock.",
    "By combining data from the LBNL study with historic data on standard, hugger, and VSD ceiling fan shipments from NPD, ENERGY STAR and Appliance Magazine (see chapter 3 for more information on historical shipments), DOE estimated the percentage of appliances of a given age that are still in operation.",
    "DOE used historical shipment data of hugger, standard, and VSD fans from Appliance Magazine's Statistical Review from 1991 to 2006,\\45\\ data from ENERGY STAR annual reports from 2003 to 2013,\\46\\ and data purchased from NPD Research group from 2007-2011.\\47\\"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/doe-ceiling-fans-2017-lifetime-years-2026-10-24.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/ceiling-fan"
  },
  {
   "item": "deck",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-decks-treated-lumber-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 20,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Decks-treated lumber",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Component Description Family Elderly",
    "Recreational Facilities Need Item",
    "Decks-treated lumber 20 20"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/deck"
  },
  {
   "item": "deck",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-decks-composite-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 50,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Decks-composite",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Component Description Family Elderly",
    "Recreational Facilities Need Item",
    "Decks-composite 50 50"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/deck"
  },
  {
   "item": "deck",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-decks-treated-lumber-elderly",
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   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
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   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Decks-treated lumber",
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   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Component Description Family Elderly",
    "Recreational Facilities Need Item",
    "Decks-treated lumber 20 20"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/deck"
  },
  {
   "item": "deck",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
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   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
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    "Recreational Facilities Need Item",
    "Decks-composite 50 50"
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   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/deck"
  },
  {
   "item": "driveway",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-asphalt-pavement-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Asphalt Pavement",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "3.2.4 Paving, Curbing and Parking Need Item",
    "3.2.4.1 Asphalt Pavement 25 25"
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   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/driveway"
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  {
   "item": "driveway",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-concrete-pavement-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
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   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Concrete Pavement",
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   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "3.2.4 Paving, Curbing and Parking Need Item",
    "3.2.4.3 Concrete Pavement 50 50"
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   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/driveway"
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  {
   "item": "driveway",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-flatwork-asphalt-family",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Asphalt",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Flatwork (walks, plazas, terraces, patios) Need Item Asphalt 25 25"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/driveway"
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  {
   "item": "driveway",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-flatwork-concrete-family",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
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   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Concrete",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Flatwork (walks, plazas, terraces, patios) Need Item Asphalt 25 25 Concrete 50 50"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/driveway"
  },
  {
   "item": "driveway",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-permeable-paving-systems-family",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Permeable Paving Systems (brick, concrete pavers)",
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   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "3.2.4 Paving, Curbing and Parking Need Item",
    "3.2.4.7 Permeable Paving Systems (brick, concrete pavers) 30 30"
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   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/driveway"
  },
  {
   "item": "driveway",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-flatwork-gravel-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Gravel",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Flatwork (walks, plazas, terraces, patios) Need Item Asphalt 25 25 Concrete 50 50 Gravel 15 15"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/driveway"
  },
  {
   "item": "driveway",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-parking-gravel-surfaced-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 15,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
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   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "3.2.4 Paving, Curbing and Parking Need Item",
    "3.2.4.6 Parking, Gravel Surfaced 15 15"
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   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/driveway"
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  {
   "item": "driveway",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
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   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
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   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Flatwork (walks, plazas, terraces, patios) Need Item",
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   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/driveway"
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  {
   "item": "driveway",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-asphalt-seal-coat-family",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
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   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "3.2.4 Paving, Curbing and Parking Need Item",
    "3.2.4.2 Asphalt Seal Coat 5 5"
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   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/driveway"
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  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-chain-link-family",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Fencing, chain-link",
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   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, chain-link 40 40"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
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  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-wood-picket-family",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Fencing, wood picket",
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   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, wood picket 15 20"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
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  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-wood-board-family",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
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   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Fencing, wood board (=>1\"x 6\")",
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   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
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    "Fencing, wood board (=>1\"x 6\") 20 25"
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   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
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  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-wrought-iron-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Fencing, wrought Iron",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, wrought Iron 60 60"
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   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
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  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-steel-or-aluminum-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Fencing, steel or aluminum",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, steel or aluminum 20 25"
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   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
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  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-cmu-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Fencing, concrete Masonry unit (CMU)",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, concrete Masonry unit (CMU) 30 30"
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   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
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  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-pvc-family",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
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   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, PVC 15 20"
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   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
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  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-wood-picket-elderly",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Fencing, wood picket",
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   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, wood picket 15 20"
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   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
  },
  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-wood-board-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Fencing, wood board (=>1\"x 6\")",
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   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, wood board (=>1\"x 6\") 20 25"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
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  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-steel-or-aluminum-elderly",
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   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
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   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
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   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, steel or aluminum 20 25"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
  },
  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-pvc-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 20,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Fencing, PVC",
   "column": "Elderly",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, PVC 15 20"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
  },
  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-chain-link-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 40,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Fencing, chain-link",
   "column": "Elderly",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, chain-link 40 40"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
  },
  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-wrought-iron-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 60,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Fencing, wrought Iron",
   "column": "Elderly",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, wrought Iron 60 60"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
  },
  {
   "item": "fence",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-fencing-cmu-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 30,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Fencing, concrete Masonry unit (CMU)",
   "column": "Elderly",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Landscaping and Appurtenances Need Item",
    "Fencing, concrete Masonry unit (CMU) 30 30"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/fence"
  },
  {
   "item": "furnace",
   "fact_id": "doe-2023-gas-furnace-life-us",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 21.5,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2023 rule, data 2006-2022",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "national average",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Furnaces, final rule, 88 FR 87502 (December 18, 2023), section IV.F",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-12-18/html/2023-25514.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "The average lifetime used in this final rule is 22.5 years in the North and 20.2 years in the rest of country for both NWGFs and MHGFs (national average is 21.5 years).",
    "specifically non-weatherized gas furnaces and mobile home gas furnaces."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/furnace/doe-furnaces-2023-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/furnace"
  },
  {
   "item": "furnace",
   "fact_id": "doe-2023-gas-furnace-life-north",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 22.5,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2023 rule, data 2006-2022",
   "geography": "North region",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "the North",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Furnaces, final rule, 88 FR 87502 (December 18, 2023), section IV.F",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-12-18/html/2023-25514.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "The average lifetime used in this final rule is 22.5 years in the North and 20.2 years in the rest of country for both NWGFs and MHGFs (national average is 21.5 years).",
    "specifically non-weatherized gas furnaces and mobile home gas furnaces."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/furnace/doe-furnaces-2023-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/furnace"
  },
  {
   "item": "furnace",
   "fact_id": "doe-2023-gas-furnace-life-rest-of-country",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 20.2,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2023 rule, data 2006-2022",
   "geography": "rest of country (outside DOE's North region)",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "the rest of country",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Furnaces, final rule, 88 FR 87502 (December 18, 2023), section IV.F",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-12-18/html/2023-25514.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "The average lifetime used in this final rule is 22.5 years in the North and 20.2 years in the rest of country for both NWGFs and MHGFs (national average is 21.5 years).",
    "specifically non-weatherized gas furnaces and mobile home gas furnaces."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/furnace/doe-furnaces-2023-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/furnace"
  },
  {
   "item": "furnace",
   "fact_id": "doe-2023-gas-furnace-sensitivity-low",
   "stat": "median lifetime, low lifetime scenario (sensitivity analysis)",
   "value": 16,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2023 rule, data 2006-2022",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "low lifetime scenario",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Furnaces, final rule, 88 FR 87502 (December 18, 2023), section IV.F",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-12-18/html/2023-25514.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "DOE also conducted sensitivity analyses using a median lifetime of 16 years (low lifetime scenario) and 27 years (high lifetime scenario) for NWGFs and MHGFs"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/furnace/doe-furnaces-2023-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/furnace"
  },
  {
   "item": "furnace",
   "fact_id": "doe-2023-gas-furnace-sensitivity-high",
   "stat": "median lifetime, high lifetime scenario (sensitivity analysis)",
   "value": 27,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2023 rule, data 2006-2022",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "high lifetime scenario",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Furnaces, final rule, 88 FR 87502 (December 18, 2023), section IV.F",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-12-18/html/2023-25514.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "DOE also conducted sensitivity analyses using a median lifetime of 16 years (low lifetime scenario) and 27 years (high lifetime scenario) for NWGFs and MHGFs"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/furnace/doe-furnaces-2023-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/furnace"
  },
  {
   "item": "furnace",
   "fact_id": "doe-2023-mhgf-about-21-years",
   "stat": "average lifetime (approximate, response to a comment)",
   "value": 21,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2023 rule, data 2006-2022",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "mobile home gas furnaces (MHGFs)",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Furnaces, final rule, 88 FR 87502 (December 18, 2023), section IV.F",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-12-18/html/2023-25514.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "In response, DOE notes that its estimate of MHGF lifetime is approximately 21 years on average, which is the same as for NWGFs. It is not directly tied to the future life expectancy of a manufactured home."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/furnace/doe-furnaces-2023-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/furnace"
  },
  {
   "item": "furnace",
   "fact_id": "furnace-page-doe-2017-central-ac-life-us",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 21.2,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Central Air Conditioners",
   "column": "National",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Table IV-16--Average Lifetime by Region",
    "Product class group National North Hot-humid Hot-dry",
    "Central Air Conditioners........................ 21.2 24.1 18.0 24.9",
    "to historical shipments from 1983 to 2009, which were the most recent"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/furnace/doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/furnace"
  },
  {
   "item": "heat-pump",
   "fact_id": "doe-2017-heat-pump-life-us",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 15.3,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Heat Pumps",
   "column": "National",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Table IV-16--Average Lifetime by Region",
    "Product class group National North Hot-humid Hot-dry",
    "Heat Pumps...................................... 15.3 16.4 15.1 15.4",
    "to historical shipments from 1983 to 2009, which were the most recent"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/heat-pump/hp-doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/heat-pump"
  },
  {
   "item": "heat-pump",
   "fact_id": "doe-2017-heat-pump-life-hot-humid",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 15.1,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "hot-humid climate region",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Heat Pumps",
   "column": "Hot-humid",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Table IV-16--Average Lifetime by Region",
    "Product class group National North Hot-humid Hot-dry",
    "Heat Pumps...................................... 15.3 16.4 15.1 15.4",
    "to historical shipments from 1983 to 2009, which were the most recent"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/heat-pump/hp-doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/heat-pump"
  },
  {
   "item": "heat-pump",
   "fact_id": "doe-2017-heat-pump-life-north",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 16.4,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "North climate region",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Heat Pumps",
   "column": "North",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Table IV-16--Average Lifetime by Region",
    "Product class group National North Hot-humid Hot-dry",
    "Heat Pumps...................................... 15.3 16.4 15.1 15.4",
    "to historical shipments from 1983 to 2009, which were the most recent"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/heat-pump/hp-doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/heat-pump"
  },
  {
   "item": "heat-pump",
   "fact_id": "doe-2017-heat-pump-life-hot-dry",
   "stat": "average lifetime",
   "value": 15.4,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "hot-dry climate region",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Heat Pumps",
   "column": "Hot-dry",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Table IV-16--Average Lifetime by Region",
    "Product class group National North Hot-humid Hot-dry",
    "Heat Pumps...................................... 15.3 16.4 15.1 15.4",
    "to historical shipments from 1983 to 2009, which were the most recent"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/heat-pump/hp-doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/heat-pump"
  },
  {
   "item": "heat-pump",
   "fact_id": "hp-doe-2017-summary-15-years",
   "stat": "average lifetime (rule summary, as DOE rounds it)",
   "value": 15,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "The PBP for each product class falls well below the average lifetime of the product, which is estimated to be 21 years for central air conditioners and 15 years for heat pumps (see section IV.G of this document)."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/heat-pump/hp-doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/heat-pump"
  },
  {
   "item": "heat-pump",
   "fact_id": "hp-doe-2017-split-system-hp-life",
   "stat": "average lifetime (results table column)",
   "value": 15.3,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Split-System Central Heat Pumps",
   "column": "Average lifetime (years)",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Table V-4--Average LCC and PBP Results for Split-System Central Heat Pumps",
    "First Simple Average TSL Region SEER HSPF Installed year's Lifetime payback lifetime cost operating operating LCC (years) (years) cost cost",
    "Baseline.......................... National............ 14 8.2 $5,246 $468 $6,396 $11,642 N/A 15.3"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/heat-pump/hp-doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/heat-pump"
  },
  {
   "item": "heat-pump",
   "fact_id": "hp-doe-2017-packaged-hp-life",
   "stat": "average lifetime (results table column)",
   "value": 15.3,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2017 rule, data 1983-2009",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Packaged Central Heat Pumps",
   "column": "Average lifetime (years)",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, direct final rule, 82 FR 1786 (January 6, 2017), Table IV-16, p. 1819",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-01-06/html/2016-29992.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Table V-8--Average LCC and PBP Results for Packaged Central Heat Pumps",
    "First Simple Average TSL Region SEER HSPF Installed year's Lifetime payback lifetime cost operating operating LCC (years) (years) cost cost",
    "Baseline.......................... National............ 14 8.0 $5,361 $517 $6,998 $12,359 N/A 15.3"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/heat-pump/hp-doe-cac-hp-2017-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/heat-pump"
  },
  {
   "item": "metal-roof",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-metal-roof-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 50,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Metal",
   "column": "Elderly",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Sloped Roofs Need Item",
    "Asphalt Shingle 20 20 Metal 50 50"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/metal-roof"
  },
  {
   "item": "roof",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-asphalt-shingle-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 20,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Asphalt Shingle",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Component Description Family Elderly",
    "Sloped Roofs Need Item",
    "Asphalt Shingle 20 20"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/roof"
  },
  {
   "item": "roof",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-metal-roof-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 50,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Metal",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Component Description Family Elderly",
    "Sloped Roofs Need Item",
    "Asphalt Shingle 20 20 Metal 50 50"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/roof"
  },
  {
   "item": "roof",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-slate-shingle-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 75,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Slate shingle",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Component Description Family Elderly",
    "Sloped Roofs Need Item",
    "Slate shingle 75 75"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/roof"
  },
  {
   "item": "roof",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-clay-cementitious-barrel-tile-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 60,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Clay/cementitious barrel tile",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Component Description Family Elderly",
    "Sloped Roofs Need Item",
    "Clay/cementitious barrel tile 60 60"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/roof"
  },
  {
   "item": "roof",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-wood-shingle-cedar-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 25,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Wood Shingle, Cedar Shakes/Shingles",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Component Description Family Elderly",
    "Sloped Roofs Need Item",
    "Wood Shingle, Cedar Shakes/Shingles 25 25"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/roof"
  },
  {
   "item": "septic-system",
   "fact_id": "epa-septic-concrete-tank-50-plus",
   "stat": "typical life (EPA statement)",
   "value": 50,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "page last updated March 11, 2026",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Why Maintain Your Septic System",
   "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/septic/why-maintain-your-septic-system",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Typically, a septic tank made of concrete may last 50 years or more, although older tanks may not be as well constructed as newer tanks."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/septic-system/epa-septic-why-maintain-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/septic-system"
  },
  {
   "item": "septic-system",
   "fact_id": "epa-septic-pumps-controls-10-to-20",
   "stat": "replacement interval range (EPA statement): the service life EPA gives for pumps and controls",
   "value": 10,
   "value_high": 20,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "page last updated March 11, 2026",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Why Maintain Your Septic System",
   "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/septic/why-maintain-your-septic-system",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "If your septic system includes a pump, many pumps and controls will need to be replaced every 10 to 20 years."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/septic-system/epa-septic-why-maintain-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/septic-system"
  },
  {
   "item": "septic-system",
   "fact_id": "septic-epa1999-functioning-life-20-or-less",
   "stat": "typical functioning life, 20 years or less (historical agency statement)",
   "value": 20,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "September 1999 fact sheet",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Decentralized Systems Technology Fact Sheet: Septic Tank - Soil Absorption Systems, EPA 932-F-99-075 (September 1999)",
   "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-06/documents/septicfc.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Conventional septic systems are designed to operate indefinitely if properly maintained.",
    "However, because most household systems are not wellmaintained, the functioning life of septic systems is typically 20 years or less."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/septic-system/epa-septic-fact-sheet-1999-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/septic-system"
  },
  {
   "item": "septic-system",
   "fact_id": "septic-epa1999-soil-absorption-over-20",
   "stat": "service life, lower bound (historical agency statement)",
   "value": 20,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "September 1999 fact sheet",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Soil absorption system (drainfield)",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Decentralized Systems Technology Fact Sheet: Septic Tank - Soil Absorption Systems, EPA 932-F-99-075 (September 1999)",
   "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-06/documents/septicfc.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Operating without mechanical equipment, properly maintained soil absorption systems have a service life in excess of 20 years."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/septic-system/epa-septic-fact-sheet-1999-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/septic-system"
  },
  {
   "item": "siding",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-siding-aluminum-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 40,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Aluminum Siding",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Sidewall System Need Item",
    "Aluminum Siding 40 40"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/siding"
  },
  {
   "item": "siding",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-siding-vinyl-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 25,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Vinyl Siding",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Sidewall System Need Item",
    "Vinyl Siding 25 25"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/siding"
  },
  {
   "item": "siding",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-siding-cement-board-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 45,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Cement Board Siding",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Sidewall System Need Item",
    "Cement Board Siding 45 45"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/siding"
  },
  {
   "item": "siding",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-siding-plywood-laminated-panels-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 20,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Plywood/Laminated Panels",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Sidewall System Need Item",
    "Plywood/Laminated Panels 20 20"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/siding"
  },
  {
   "item": "siding",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-siding-eifs-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 30,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Exterior Insulation Finishing System (EIFS)",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Sidewall System Need Item",
    "Exterior Insulation Finishing System (EIFS) 30 30"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/siding"
  },
  {
   "item": "siding",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-siding-stucco-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 50,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Stucco, over wire mesh/lath",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Sidewall System Need Item",
    "Stucco, over wire mesh/lath 50 50"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/siding"
  },
  {
   "item": "siding",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-siding-brick-block-veneer-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 60,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Brick/block veneer",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Sidewall System Need Item",
    "Brick/block veneer 60 60"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/siding"
  },
  {
   "item": "siding",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-siding-stone-veneer-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 50,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Stone Veneer",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Sidewall System Need Item",
    "Stone Veneer 50 50"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/siding"
  },
  {
   "item": "siding",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-siding-cedar-redwood-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 50,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Cedar/Redwood shakes, clapboard",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Sidewall System Need Item",
    "Cedar/Redwood shakes, clapboard 50 50"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/siding"
  },
  {
   "item": "siding",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-siding-pine-board-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 50,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Pine board, clapboard",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Sidewall System Need Item",
    "Pine board, clapboard 50 50"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/siding"
  },
  {
   "item": "thermostat",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-thermostat-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 15,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Dwelling/common area thermostat",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "HVAC Controls Need Item",
    "Dwelling/common area thermostat 15 20"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-controls-interiors.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/thermostat"
  },
  {
   "item": "thermostat",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-thermostat-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 20,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Dwelling/common area thermostat",
   "column": "Elderly",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "HVAC Controls Need Item",
    "Dwelling/common area thermostat 15 20"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-controls-interiors.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/thermostat"
  },
  {
   "item": "tile-roof",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-clay-cementitious-barrel-tile-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 60,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Clay/cementitious barrel tile",
   "column": "Elderly",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Sloped Roofs Need Item",
    "Clay/cementitious barrel tile 60 60"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-site-exterior.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/tile-roof"
  },
  {
   "item": "water-heater",
   "fact_id": "doe-2024-storage-wh-average-life-15y",
   "stat": "average product lifetime (DOE estimate: 'around')",
   "value": 15,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "2024 rule, data 1974-2021",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Water Heaters, final rule, 89 FR 37778 (May 6, 2024), section IV.F.6 'Product Lifetime', pp. 37859-37860",
   "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2024-05-06/html/2024-09209.htm",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "DOE estimates the average product lifetime to be around 15 years for storage water heaters.",
    "Product lifetime is the age at which an appliance is retired from service."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/water-heater/doe-water-heaters-2024-rule-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/water-heater"
  },
  {
   "item": "water-heater",
   "fact_id": "energystar-tankless-life-expectancy-20y",
   "stat": "life expectancy stated by ENERGY STAR",
   "value": 20,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "no issue date",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "",
   "column": "",
   "source": "ENERGY STAR (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency program), Whole Home Tankless Gas Water Heaters, benefits page (undated)",
   "source_url": "https://www.energystar.gov/products/whole_home_tankless_gas_water_heaters/benefits-savings",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Tankless water heaters have a life expectancy of 20 years, much longer than any conventional tank-type water heater."
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-28",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/water-heater/energystar-gas-tankless-benefits-2026-10-28.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/water-heater"
  },
  {
   "item": "windows",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-window-wood-operable-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 35,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Wood, (dbl, sgl hung, casement, awning, sliders)",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Windows Need Item",
    "Wood, (dbl, sgl hung, casement, awning, sliders) 35 45"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/windows"
  },
  {
   "item": "windows",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-window-wood-operable-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 45,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Wood, (dbl, sgl hung, casement, awning, sliders)",
   "column": "Elderly",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Windows Need Item",
    "Wood, (dbl, sgl hung, casement, awning, sliders) 35 45"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/windows"
  },
  {
   "item": "windows",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-window-wood-fixed-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 40,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Wood, fixed pane, picture",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Windows Need Item",
    "Wood, fixed pane, picture 40 45"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/windows"
  },
  {
   "item": "windows",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-window-wood-fixed-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 45,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Wood, fixed pane, picture",
   "column": "Elderly",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Windows Need Item",
    "Wood, fixed pane, picture 40 45"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/windows"
  },
  {
   "item": "windows",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-window-aluminum-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 35,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Aluminum",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Windows Need Item",
    "Aluminum 35 40"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/windows"
  },
  {
   "item": "windows",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-window-aluminum-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 40,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Aluminum",
   "column": "Elderly",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Windows Need Item",
    "Aluminum 35 40"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/windows"
  },
  {
   "item": "windows",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-window-vinyl-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 30,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Vinyl",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Windows Need Item",
    "Vinyl 30 30"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/windows"
  },
  {
   "item": "windows",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-window-clad-wood-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 50,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Vinyl/Alum Clad Wood",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Windows Need Item",
    "Vinyl/Alum Clad Wood 50 50"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/windows"
  },
  {
   "item": "windows",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-storm-screen-windows-family",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 7,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Storm/Screen Windows",
   "column": "Family",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Windows Need Item",
    "Storm/Screen Windows 7 15"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/windows"
  },
  {
   "item": "windows",
   "fact_id": "hud-eul-storm-screen-windows-elderly",
   "stat": "standard estimated useful life",
   "value": 15,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "Numbering by ASTM 2018-08 Outline, no issue date",
   "geography": "US multifamily properties",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "Storm/Screen Windows",
   "column": "Elderly",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA e-Tool Estimated Useful Life Table",
   "source_url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/eul_for_cna_e_tool.pdf",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "Windows Need Item",
    "Storm/Screen Windows 7 15"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/hud-cna-etool-eul-facades-windows.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/windows"
  },
  {
   "item": "windows",
   "fact_id": "doe-installed-windows-life-expectancy-over-30",
   "stat": "life expectancy greater than (DOE project statement)",
   "value": 30,
   "value_high": null,
   "unit": "years",
   "data_years": "project page dated June 13, 2014",
   "geography": "US",
   "n": null,
   "n_note": "n not published by the source",
   "row_label": "",
   "column": "",
   "source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Vacuum Insulation for Windows",
   "source_url": "https://www.energy.gov/cmei/buildings/articles/vacuum-insulation-windows",
   "source_licence": "U.S. government work, public domain.",
   "quote": [
    "With the life expectancy of installed windows being greater than 30 years",
    "June 13, 2014"
   ],
   "read_date": "2026-10-24",
   "capture_id": "data/lifespan/captures/doe-vacuum-insulation-windows-2026-10-24.txt",
   "page_url": "https://instabids.ai/us/lifespan/windows"
  }
 ]
}