What is artificial turf?
Artificial turf is a manufactured grass-like surface with plastic blades. Field systems typically combine those blades with infill and backing; the material between the blades is separate from the grass itself.
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What are ATFs made of?
Artificial turf fields (ATFs) typically have three layers: padding and backing underneath, infill in the middle, and plastic grass blades above. Massachusetts public-health guidance describes this field construction; it also notes that infill can combine sand and crumb rubber or, less frequently, use plant materials. “The grass blades are plastic.” Source: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, read 2026-10-31.
How does the health agency describe artificial turf?
Artificial turf is a manufactured surface that imitates grass using plastic blades. Connecticut public-health guidance describes newer fields as combining plastic grass with infill that softens the surface. Its description concerns playing fields, rather than a specification for every home lawn product. “Artificial turf fields have become a popular alternative to natural grass fields in many Connecticut towns.” Source: Connecticut Department of Public Health, read 2026-10-31.
How is tire crumb rubber produced?
Tire crumb rubber is one possible infill material between artificial grass blades. EPA describes a manufacturing process that reduces scrap tires into smaller pieces and removes at least 99 percent of their steel and fabric. This describes the infill, rather than the plastic grass itself. “Tire crumb rubber is manufactured by reducing scrap tires down to various sizes depending on its intended application and market use, and by removing 99 percent or more of the steel and fabric from them.” Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, read 2026-10-31.
Can using ATFs on hot days increase my risk for heat-related injury and illness?
Heat is a separate issue from chemical content. New York public-health guidance reports that synthetic turf field surfaces can become uncomfortable and contribute to heat stress. Its observations concern fields and do not establish a single surface temperature for every residential turf product. It also reports that cloud cover can quickly lower the surface temperature. “Surface temperatures have been observed to drop rapidly when cloud cover is present.” Source: New York State Department of Health, read 2026-10-31.
What chemicals are in ATFs?
Massachusetts public-health guidance identifies volatile organic compounds, some semi-volatile compounds and metals in tire-derived infill, and notes PFAS in some turf components. The composition depends on the component and material; this is not a finding that every artificial lawn contains the same chemicals. “Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been found in some ATF components.” Source: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, read 2026-10-31.
Do tire crumbs contain PFAS? If yes, were exposures to PFAS characterized?
EPA says its tire-crumb study did not specifically test for PFAS target analytes. It reports no PFAS identification in its non-targeted analysis, which does not establish that every turf component contains no PFAS. The study concerns tire crumb, while Massachusetts separately reports PFAS in some turf components. “The tire crumb study did not specifically test for the presence of any PFAS target analytes.” Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, read 2026-10-31.
Sources
- Artificial Turf Fields — Connecticut Department of Public Health; read 2026-10-31.
- Artificial Turf Fields — Massachusetts Department of Public Health; read 2026-10-31.
- Crumb-Rubber Infilled Synthetic Turf Athletic Fields — New York State Department of Health; read 2026-10-31.
- Tire Crumb Questions and Answers — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; read 2026-10-31.