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What is a well pump?

A well pump pushes or lifts water from a well into household plumbing. EPA describes jet pumps for shallow wells of 25 feet or less and submersible pumps inside deeper wells. Match the pump choice to the well’s diameter, water level and household demand before setting the replacement scope.

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At a glance

By InstaBids editorial team with AI research agents. Updated

What this means for your home project

  1. Record the required water flow in gallons per minute and motor power in horsepower as separate equipment specifications. Source: Minnesota Department of Health, read 2026-11-05.
  2. Request a written replacement scope with the materials and services itemized, following MDH’s advice on contractor agreements. (source)
  3. Ask the well contractor to include system output, pumping water levels, motor performance and pressure controls in the assessment. Source: National Ground Water Association, read 2026-11-05.
  4. After the checkup, obtain the results and recommendations in writing, including the laboratory and equipment test results. Source: National Ground Water Association, read 2026-11-05.
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How does a shallow well pump work?

Use EPA’s component descriptions to distinguish a surface-mounted shallow-well pump from equipment installed down inside a deeper well (read 2026-11-05). “Jet Pumps are the most commonly used pumps for shallow wells (depth of 25 feet or less).” (source) “Jet pumps are mounted above ground and use suction to draw water from the well.” (source) “Submersible Pumps are the most commonly used pumps for deep private wells.” (source) “The pumping unit is placed inside the well casing and connected to a power source on the surface.” (source)

What information do I need to know prior to selecting a submersible well pump?

Use MDH’s sizing guidance for equipment selection; in Minnesota, also discuss the installation requirement in rule section 4725.3250 (read 2026-11-05). “The correct size of pump and pump motor depends on the well diameter, the water level in the well, the number of plumbing fixtures, the amount of water use, and the peak water demand.” (source) “Pumps are rated in gallons per minute (gpm) or gallons per hour (gph), and pump motors are rated in horsepower (hp).” (source) “Most submersible pumps are used in wells 4 inches or more in diameter, but some pumps are available for wells that are 3 inches in diameter.” (source) “A pump or pump base installed on a well must be constructed so no unprotected openings exist into the interior of the pump or well casing.” Source: Minnesota Revisor of Statutes, read 2026-11-05.

What do I need to know to replace my current jet pump?

Use MDH’s jet-pump distinctions to describe the existing arrangement and discuss the closest equipment alternative in your replacement scope (read 2026-11-05). “Jet pumps typically have a lower operating pressure and a lower water yield than submersible pumps.” (source) “Shallow well jet pumps — which are used where the water is less than 25 feet below the surface — have the jet located in the pump itself.” (source) “For deeper wells, the jet is located inside the well below the water level.” (source) “The two-pipe jet has both a pressure pipe and a suction pipe located inside the well.” (source)

Do I need a pressure tank and how do they work?

MDH’s pressure-tank explanation helps you understand why pump starts and stops are tied to water use in the house (read 2026-11-05). “As water is pumped into the tank, it compresses the air in the tank until the pressure reaches a preset level — typically from 40 to 60 pounds per square inch (psi) — which automatically shuts off the pump.” (source) “A pressure switch starts and stops the pump at the preset pressure levels, and allows the system to work automatically (Figure 3).” (source) “The size of the tank usually depends on the amount of water produced by the pump in 1 to 2 minutes.” (source)

How often should I check a well pump and do maintenance?

Use NGWA’s annual water well checkup guidance to arrange a system assessment and ask for a usable record afterward (read 2026-11-05). “Routine inspection of a water well system can help ensure it is operating properly, prolong its useful life, and protect your investment.” (source) “A concise, clear, written report should be delivered to you following the checkup that explains results and recommendations and includes all laboratory and other test results.” (source)

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