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What is a gunite pool?

A gunite pool has a concrete shell sprayed into place using a dry mix, with water added at the hose nozzle. Gunite is one form of shotcrete. ASA recommends at least 4,000 psi concrete strength at 28 days for pool shells; ask for the proposed mix and curing plan when comparing bids.

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What this means for your home project

  1. Request the proposed pool concrete strength in writing and compare it with ASA’s minimum recommendation of 4,000 psi at 28 days. Source: American Shotcrete Association, read 2026-11-02.
  2. Request a curing plan that identifies how the shell surface will stay continuously wet during ASA’s recommended minimum 7-day curing period. Source: American Shotcrete Association, read 2026-11-02.
  3. Request a written list of completed wet-mix pool jobs when that method is proposed, so you can review the contractor’s experience with it. Source: American Shotcrete Association, read 2026-11-02.
  4. If you see cracking, arrange an evaluation by an engineer or injection specialist experienced with shotcrete; obtain a repair recommendation for that crack. Source: American Shotcrete Association, read 2026-11-02.
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What is the difference between shotcrete and Gunite?

Gunite is dry-mix shotcrete: water enters at the nozzle. Wet-mix shotcrete arrives at the nozzle already mixed with water. The nozzle is the hose outlet that directs the material onto the receiving surface. Ask which process the proposal names; the word shotcrete alone can describe either method. “Wet-mix shotcrete involves pumping of a previously prepared mixture, typically ready mixed concrete, to the nozzle.” Source: American Shotcrete Association, read 2026-11-02.

How long does gunite take to cure?

ASA recommends at least 7 days of curing with the surface continuously wet. That is a minimum curing recommendation, rather than a promise that the shell is ready for its interior coating on day seven. Ask the coating supplier for the required concrete condition and waiting period before coating. “Shotcrete-placed concrete should be properly cured to provide desired strength and reduce potential shrinkage.” Source: American Shotcrete Association, read 2026-11-02.

What would be the right concrete mixture for a swimming pool?

ASA recommends concrete reaching at least 4,000 psi at 28 days for a pool shell. Compressive strength describes resistance to being squeezed; a higher value means greater resistance. Its pool-mixture FAQ also describes a maximum water-to-cementitious-material ratio of 0.45. Request the proposed mix design so these properties can be discussed against the pool design. “Concrete should be a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 4000 psi (28 MPa).” Source: American Shotcrete Association, read 2026-11-02.

What should I ask a gunite pool contractor before hiring them?

Ask for the proposed concrete mix and a list of completed pools using the proposed placement method. ASA identifies crew experience as central to the finished shell and says pool complexity can make wet placement faster. Those are useful scope and scheduling questions when comparing a dry-mix gunite proposal with a wet-mix alternative. “But, when properly done, there should be no difference in performance between wet and dry process shotcrete.” Source: American Shotcrete Association, read 2026-11-02.

How bad is this crack in our pool gunite?

Have an engineer or injection specialist experienced with shotcrete evaluate the crack and recommend a repair. ASA does not offer a single repair for every crack: its answer explains that narrower cracks need a lower-viscosity, or thinner-flowing, injection material. A specific repair recommendation should follow that evaluation, rather than treating every visible crack alike. “You should contact an engineer or injection specialist experienced in shotcrete and cracking issues to evaluate the cracking and make a specific recommendation for repair.” Source: American Shotcrete Association, read 2026-11-02.

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